History of International Nurseries
In the 1950s a stem rust epidemic attacked wheat in the USA and Canada. About 60% of the wheat harvest in the US was destroyed in 1953, and about 75% in 1954. The culprit was a new pathogenic race called 15B, which was resistant to all genes present in existing commercial varieties. A similar race spread widely in Latin America. In response to the epidemic, the US Department of Agriculture requested that seven nations (Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Canada) join forces in testing 1000 lines selected from the wheat world collection.
The Office for Special Studies, CIMMYT's predecessor, was an active participant in the effort, and new lines of wheat were exposed to stem rust in Mexico. The results of the First International Stem Rust Trial exceeded all expectations. New sources of resistance were found for the 15B race, some of which may still be present in commercial varieties today. An added benefit of this trial was the creation of a network through which lines and introductions could be tested and distributed to developing countries.
In 1960 the first international spring wheat yield nursery was distributed by the Office for Special Studies to 12 countries from Canada to Argentina. In response to the expressed interest of other wheat-producing countries around the world, in 1964 CIMMYT created the International Spring Wheat Yield Nursery (ISWYN) that included lines adapted to high and low latitudes.
In 2001, the International Wheat Improvement Network (IWIN) at CIMMYT prepared 2,766 sets of 40 different bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, and barley nurseries. Seed shipments were sent to a network of 619 wheat scientists from 117 countries around the world.
Please note that below list is a complete list of IWIN nurseries. Not all these nurseries are included in the Wheat Atlas database.
Bread Wheat Nurseries - Spring Wheat |
ASWSN |
Acid-Soils Wheat Screening Nursery |
EBWYT |
Elite Bread Wheat Yield Trial |
ESWYT |
Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial - grain color = WHITE
- ESWYT-CHN (special edition for China)
- ESWYT-LGY
|
HLAYT |
High Latitude Adaptation Yield Trial |
HLWSN |
High Latitude Wheat Screening Nursery |
HRWSN |
High Rainfall Wheat Screening Nursery - grain color = RED |
HRWYT |
High-Rainfall Wheat Yield Trial - grain color = RED
- HRWYT-CHN (special edition for China)
- HRWYT-LGY
|
HTWSN |
Heat Tolerance Wheat Screening Nursery |
HTWYT |
High Temperature Wheat Yield Trial
- HTWYT-CHN (special edition for China)
|
IBWSN |
International Bread Wheat Screening Nursery (for irrigated conditions) - grain color = WHITE
- IBSWN-CH (special edition for China)
|
ISWSN |
International Spring Wheat Screening Nursery |
SATYN |
Stress Adaptive Trait Yield Nursery |
SAWSN |
Semi-Arid Wheat Screening Nursery(for low rainfall conditions) - grain color = WHITE |
SAWYT |
Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial |
WAWSN |
Warmer Areas Wheat Screening Nursery |
Bread Wheat Nurseries - Facultative and Winter Wheat |
FAWWON-IR |
Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nursery for Irrigated Environments |
FAWWON-SA |
Facultative and Winter Wheat Observation Nursery for Semi-Arid Environments |
IWWYT-IR |
International Winter Wheat Yield Trial for Irrigated Environments |
IWWYT-SA |
International Winter Wheat Yield Trial for Irrigated Environments |
WWSRRN |
Winter Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Nursery |
Durum Wheat Nurseries |
EDUYT |
Elite Durum Yield Trial, unreplicated |
IDSN |
International Durum Screening Nursery |
IDYN |
International Durum Yield Nursery |
Triticale Nurseries |
FWTCL |
Facultative and Winter Triticale |
ITYN |
International Triticale Yield Nursery |
ITSN |
International Triticale Screening Nursery |
Special and Project - Specific Nurseries |
CSISAHT |
CSISA Heat Trial (CSISA = Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia) |
CSISASB |
CSISA Spot Blotch (CSISA = Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia) |
FHBSN |
Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery (earlier Scab Resistance Screening Nursery - SRSN) |
GAWYT |
Global Adaptation Wheat Yield Trial |
HPYT |
Harvest Plus Yield Trial |
HPSAN |
Harvest Plus South Asia Nursery |
IAT |
International Adaptation Trial |
ISEPTON |
International Septoria Observation Nursery (earlier Septoria Monitoring Nursery – SMN) |
KBSN |
Karnal Bunt Screening Nursery |
SMN |
Septoria Monitoring Nursery (now International Septoria Observation Nursery – ISEPTON) |
SRSN |
Scab Resistance Screening Nursery (now Fusarium Head Blight Screening Nursery) |
STEMRRSN |
Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery |
WYCYT |
Wheat Yield Consortium Yield Trial |